SharePoint vocabulary and definion of various terms used in SharePoint:

 
Alert:
A feature that notifies a user by e-mail when there is a change to an item, document, list, or document library on the Web site. For example, a user can create an alert to receive an e-mail message whenever a document is updated in a specific document library.
Application page:
Allows the use of inline custom code. Application pages or "_layout" pages are stored on the SharePoint Web server and made available via a Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directory. Though application pages behave much like other ASPX pages and allow the use of inline custom code, they differ from content pages in that they cannot be used to host SharePoint features such as dynamic Web Parts and Web Part zones.
Approval Process:
The process of reviewing a document before publishing it.
Approver:
A user who has permission to approve or reject documents in a specified folder.
Audience:
A custom group used to target the website content to the people based on membership within the group.
Breadcrumbs:
A form of text-based Web Site Navigation that displays a series of sequential links so that users can see where the current Web page is located within the Web site.
Business Data Catalog (BDC):
A component of Office SharePoint Server 2007 that accesses external data sources and returns data for display and integration within the SharePoint environment. The business data catalog is a Office SharePoint Server 2007 service that can be leveraged to do three key things against back end data sources or Web services, do real time queries, index data for inclusion in the search indexes, and integrate data into list items using a BDC bound list column.
Business Intelligence (BI):
It allows an enterprise to store and analyze data from various sources within SharePoint itself. SharePoint also integrates a number of other services that allow you to integrate and use Office applications in connection with the creation, maintenance, and access to business intelligence.
Check-In:
To release the lock for editing and enable other users to view the updated file or check out the file.
Check-Out:
To lock a file while editing it to prevent others from overwriting or editing it inadvertently. Only the user who checks out a document can edit the document.
Configuration Database:
The SQL Server or SQL 2005 Express database that contains the configuration information for a Windows SharePoint Services server or server farm.
Content Database:
The SQL Server or MSDE database that contains the content for one or more SharePoint sites.
Content Index:
The full-text index, pointer to the property store, and other data that describes content across content sources, scopes, and servers.
Content type:
A reusable collection of settings to apply to a certain category of content such as documents and folders. Content types enable the management of metadata and behaviors of a document, item, or folder type in a centralized, reusable way. A content type is a collection of Site Columns grouped together to define an item that you would like to store.
Crawl:
It is a process to traverse the web site content to include it in a content index.
Cross-Site Group:
A custom security group that applies to more than one Web site. A cross-site group can be assigned to a site group as if it was a single user.
Custom Action:
Represents a link, toolbar button, menu item, or any control that can be added to a toolbar or menu that appears in the UI. You define custom actions by using a custom action element within a feature definition file. You can bind custom actions to a list type, content type, file type, or programmatic identifier (ProgID).
Datasheet View:
A view of a SharePoint list that allows you to modify multiple values same as in Excel Spreadsheet.
Discussion Board:
In a discussion board or Web discussions, a series of messages or comments in which replies to a message or comment are nested directly under it, instead of the messages or comments being arranged in chronological or alphabetical order.
Document Library:
A folder where a collection of files is stored and the files often use the same template. Each file in a library is associated with user-defined information that is displayed in the content listing for that library.
Document Workspace site:
A Web site based on the Document Workspace template that workspace members use for discussing, editing, and working together on a document.
Enterprise Content Management (ECM):
This allows centralized management of your organization's content. For instance, an organization may have a rule saying that all legal documents need to be kept in a record repository once a project is closed for a period of 7 years. Administrators can now set up content management rules that perform such actions and manage your content within the ECM space. This is available only in the Enterprise edition of MOSS.
Event Receiver:
Evaluator of an event and definer of the behavior of an application. Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 allows you to define event handlers within libraries, lists, and sites. Event receivers can be defined by using a receiver element within a feature definition file.
Excel Services:
This is a completely new service that allows organizations to store and access Excel files off the SharePoint server. Files may be created in Excel 2007 and set up with publishing rules that can incorporate things like which sheets to show, which formulas are fixed or hidden, which cells or ranges are editable, etc. Once published, a user can click the file in SharePoint to open it in Excel with these rules set. All formula calculations also occur on the server and not within Excel itself which allows for centralizing Excel formulas in a single place. The large number of features and development options allow users to create very rich and dynamic sites for intranet, extranet, and internet usage.
Excel Trusted Location:
An Excel trusted file location is a SharePoint document library, a UNC path, or an HTTP Web site that is configured as a trusted repository for workbooks that Excel Calculation Services can access. Excel Calculation Services opens workbooks that are stored in trusted file locations only.
Feature:
A package of Windows SharePoint Services elements that can be activated for a specific scope and that helps users accomplish a particular goal or task. Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 introduces this inherently portable and modular functionality, which simplifies modification of sites through site definitions.
Ghosted Page:
A ghosted page is a page in SharePoint website which is not stored in the database instead it reference to a file which exists in the server’s file system. These reference files are common for all the website/site collection within that SharePoint server, i.e., if you modify a reference file then that change will reflect in all the websites/site collections within that SharePoint server automatically. 
List:
A Web site component that stores and displays information that users can add to by using their browsers.
List Item:
An entry in a list or portal area. An item can contain content or be a link to content stored elsewhere.
Personal View:
A view of a list, SharePoint document library, or Web Part Page that is available only to a particular user. The personal view of a Web Part Page uses a combination of shared property values and personalized property values. Changes made to a personal view apply only to the list, library, or page in that view and are therefore visible to that user only.
Personalized Web Part:
A shared Web Part that has been modified by a user in personal view. The changes made to a Web Part personalized in this way are visible only to the user who made those changes.
Private Web Part:
A Web Part added to a Web Part Page by a user who is working on the page in personal view. Private Web Parts are available only to the user who added or imported the Web Part.
Quota:
A way to specify limits to the amount of storage or number of users a Web site can use.
Quota Template:
The specific set of quota limits to apply to a site or to all sites on a virtual server. 
Rights:
File and folder-level permissions that allow access to a Web site.
Shared View:
A view of a list, document library, or Web Part Page that every user with the appropriate permissions on a site can see. The shared view of a Web Part Page uses shared property values. Changes made to a shared view apply to the list, library, or page as it appears to all users.
Shared Web Part:
A Web Part added to a Web Part Page by a user who is working on the page in shared view. Shared Web Parts are available to all users of a Web Part Page who have the appropriate permissions.
SharePoint Site:
A group of related Web pages in Windows SharePoint Services where users can share data in lists and libraries, and can view and edit one or more Web part pages. A SharePoint site is a place for collaboration, communication, or content storage. Depending on your business needs, you can create sites such as team sites, blog sites, wiki sites, and others. You can customize a site's appearance, users, user permissions, galleries, and site administration by using the Site Settings administration pages.
SharePoint Site Collection:
A set of Web sites that have the same owner and share administration settings. Each site collection contains a top-level Web site and can contain one or more subsites. Site collections allow you to share content types, site columns, templates, and Web Parts within a group of SharePoint sites.
SharePoint Solution:
A file that is a bundling of all the components for extending Windows SharePoint Services in a particular way. A solution file has a .cab-based format with a .wsp extension. A solution is a deployable, reusable package that can contain a set of Features, site definitions, and assemblies that apply to sites, and that you can enable or disable individually. You can use the solution file to deploy the contents of a Web Part package, including assemblies, class resources, and other package components.
SharePoint Web farm:
A group of Office SharePoint 2007 servers that share the same configuration database. All site content and all configuration data is shared for all front-end Web servers in a server farm.
Site definition:
A set of files that includes a master XML configuration file that is stored on all front-end Web servers. A site definition provides the basic blueprint for how sites look, what lists they include, their default navigational structures, and so on.
Site Group:
Site groups are custom security groups that apply to a specific Web site. Users are assigned to site groups to grant them permissions on a SharePoint site.
Site template:
A package containing a set of differences and changes from a base site definition that is created through the UI or through implementation of the object model. The site template package is stored as a .cab-based file that can be downloaded or uploaded to site collections by users with the appropriate rights. Site templates offer a measure of portability to SharePoint applications.
Static Web Part:
A Web Part added to a Web page (.aspx) and that is not in a Web Part zone.
Stsadm.exe:
A WSS tool that allows you to administer WSS servers and sites from the command line.
Subsite:
A named subdirectory of the top-level Web site that is a complete Web site. Each subsite can have independent administration, authoring, and browsing permissions from the top-level Web sites and other subsites.
Survey:
A Web site component that enables users to respond to a set of questions specified by the creator of the survey. Results are tallied in a graphical summary.
Theme:
A group of files (CSS, images) that allow you to define the appearance (look and feel) of Web pages. Themes in ASP.NET 2.0 and themes in SharePoint Products and Technologies work in the same way. Themes are used to help organizations to brand their portals and team sites. Office SharePoint Server 2007 includes a set of predefined themes. However, as a developer, you can create custom themes for your company.
Tool Pane:
A task pane on a Web Part Page used to browse, search for, and import Web Parts from Web Part galleries, and to modify custom and common Web Part properties.
Tool Part:
A control in the tool pane that allows users to set properties, execute commands, invoke wizards, and manipulate Web Parts on a Web Part Page.
Top-Level Web Site:
The default, top-level site provided by a Web server or virtual server. To gain access to the top-level Web site, you supply the URL of the server without specifying a page name or subsite.
Unghosted Page:
All the pages in a SharePoint website which are stored in the content database are referred as unghosted pages. All the unghosted pages are specific to that SharePoint website only, i.e., changes done in an unghosted pages will not reflect in other websites within that SharePoint server.
Versioning:
The process of creating a backup copy of a document or picture whenever a revision is saved to the library.
Web Part:
A modular unit of information that consists of a title bar, a frame, and content. Web Parts are the basic building blocks of a Web Part Page. A Web Part is the combination of a Web Part Description file (.dwp) and a Web Part assembly file (.dll). All Web Parts are based on Web Custom Controls.
Web Part Page:
A Web page that can host one or more Web parts. A Web part page usually contains one or more zones to allow Web parts to be manipulated on the page.
Zone:
An area in a Web part page in which Web parts are arranged